Fig. 9: Visual contrasts of conventional MIL-100(Fe) and the defect-rich Def-MIL-100(Fe), underscoring the critical role of synthesis conditions in defect formation. | npj Clean Water

Fig. 9: Visual contrasts of conventional MIL-100(Fe) and the defect-rich Def-MIL-100(Fe), underscoring the critical role of synthesis conditions in defect formation.

From: Advancing wastewater treatment with green and scalable metal–organic frameworks: from synthetic strategies to real-world deployment

Fig. 9

It clarifies that using zero-valent iron in a heterogeneous reaction environment, unlike the homogeneous route with soluble Fe2+induces missing ligand defects by promoting uneven nucleation. These defects give rise to coordinatively unsaturated Fe sites essential for enhanced Fenton-like catalytic performance. Reproduced from ref. 109. Copyright 2023 Elsevier B.V.

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