Table 3 Research directions, that can evolve MOFs into practical, scalable solutions for sustainable water treatment, meeting the global demand for clean water with enhanced efficiency and environmental responsibility
Research area | Specific direction | Target outcome |
|---|---|---|
Synthesis | Continuous-flow mechanochemical reactors | Synthesis time < 30 min, yield > 90% |
Synthesis | CFMW with multiplexed reactors | Consistent BET surface area > 1000 m2/g |
Synthesis | Supercritical CO2 synthesis | Production cost < $ 20/kg |
Performance Validation | Pilot-scale demonstrations | Removal efficiency > 90% |
Performance Validation | Nuclear waste treatment | Selective sequestration |
Stability | MOF–hydrogel composites | Lifespan > 6 months |
Regeneration | pH-triggered desorption | Restore > 95% capacity |
Selectivity | Thiol functionalization | Kd > 105 mL/g for Hg2+ |
Anti-Fouling | Zwitterionic coatings | Maintain > 80% performance |
Economic Analysis | Techno-economic analyses | Treatment cost < $ 0.50/m3 |
