Fig. 4: Electro-responsive membranes (ERMs) for water filtration and purification.
From: Stimuli-responsive membranes—mechanisms, materials and future directions
A When a voltage is applied, the ERM interacts with contaminants through electrooxidation, electrostatic adsorption, and electrostatic repulsion. Electrooxidation is primarily responsible for water decontamination50. B The redox-responsive membrane transitions from a hydrophobic to a hydrophilic state upon the application of a voltage. This change facilitates the controlled transport of molecules and ions across the membrane166. Permission to reprint granted.
