Extended Data Fig. 6: Peri-implant fibrotic tissue originate from osteogenic LEPR⁺ cells.

a–c, Immunofluorescent imaging of proximal tibia of LepR^cre;Rosa26^tdtomato, BGLAP-GFP that underwent fibrous-integration surgery at post-operative day 3 (a), 7 (b), and 14 (c). Scale bar, 50 μm. d–f, Immunofluorescent imaging of ALPL-stained proximal tibia of LepR^cre;Rosa26^tdtomato, BGLAP^GFP that underwent fibrous-integration surgery at post-operative day 3 (d), 7 (e), and 14 (f). Scale bar, 50 μm. g, Violin plots showing the expression density levels of Alpl and Bglap showed that they are selectively expressed by osteogenic (OLC1, OLC2) and chondrogenic (CLC) cells. h, Immunofluorescence quantification of co-localization between LepR-tdTomato and BGLAP-GFP in LepR^cre;Rosa26^tdtomato, BGLAP^GFP mice underwent fibrous-integrated surgery at postoperative day 3, 7, and 14. Data are mean ± s.d. n = 6 for both osseointegrated and fibrous-integrated model; Unpaired, tailed Student’s t-test. i, Immunofluorescence quantification of co-localization between LepR-tdTomato and ALPL antibody staining in LepR^cre;Rosa26^tdtomato, BGLAP^GFP mice underwent fibrous-integrated surgery at postoperative day 3, 7, and 14. Data are mean ± s.d. n = 6 for both osseointegrated and fibrous-integrated model; Unpaired, tailed Student’s t-test. j, Immunofluorescence quantification of tdTomato⁺ cells from CXCL12^creERT2;Rosa26^tdtomato, Adipoq^creERT2;Rosa26^tdtomato and LepR^cre;Rosa26^tdtomato that underwent fibrous-integration surgery. N = 7 per group. Data are mean ± s.d.; two-tailed unpaired t-test. k-m, Immunofluorescent imaging of CXCL12^creERT2;Rosa26^tdtomato (k), Adipoq^creERT2;Rosa26^tdtomato (l), and LepR^cre;Rosa26^tdtomato (m) that underwent fibrous-integration surgery at post-operative day 14. Each dot in h-j corresponds to biologically independent replicates. Images in a–f, k–m are representative of at least 3 independent experiments.

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