Correction to: Nature Biomedical Engineering https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-025-01507-4, published online 1 October 2025.

In the version of this article originally published, due to figure preparation error, the immunofluorescence staining image of the A549 tumor issues in Fig. 4i was incorrect. For comparison, the original figure is available as Supplementary Information alongside this amendment. The figure is now updated in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.