Extended Data Fig. 5: Cellular senescence in the lungs of patients with COVID-19.

(a) Gene set scores of SASP genes in different cell types from Control (n = 34,974 cells), COVID-19 (n = 73,116 cells), and Control-Y (n = 33,062 cells) groups. Box shows the median (centre line) and the quartile range (25-75%) and the whiskers extend from the quartiles to the minimum and maximum values. P values by Wilcoxon test are indicated. (b) Violin plots showing the SASP gene expression levels increased in the lungs of patients with COVID-19 compared to those in Control lungs. Control, n = 4 lungs; COVID-19, n = 5 lungs with samples from three lung lobes each; Control-Y, n = 4 lungs. Box shows the median (centre line) and the quartile range (25-75%) and the whiskers extend from the quartiles to the minimum and maximum values. P values from ANOVA are as indicated. (c) Violin plots showing the SASP protein expression levels increased in the lungs of patients with COVID-19 compared to those in Control lungs. Control, n = 4 lungs; COVID-19, n = 5 lungs with samples from three lung lobes each; Control-Y, n = 4 lungs. Box shows the median (centre line) and the quartile range (25-75%) and the whiskers extend from the quartiles to the minimum and maximum values. P values from ANOVA are as indicated.