Fig. 3: Immune activation at the MFI during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

a–c, GO analysis of upregulated genes from snRNA-seq in dendritic (a), Hofbauer (b) and M2 macrophage (c) cells. The size and colour of the bubble represent the number of upregulated genes and the ratio to total genes under each GO term, respectively. P values were calculated using a one-tailed hypergeometric test. d, Hierarchically clustered heatmap showing the log₂(fold change) of selected interferon-induced gene expression in immune cell types from the snRNA-seq. e, Genome browser screenshot of the genomic region containing IFI27. The pseudo-bulk tracks for patient and control samples of immune and trophoblast cell types from the snRNA-seq are displayed as reads per million (RPM). The y axes for all tracks range from 0 to 75. f, Change in CellPhoneDB receptor–ligand interactions. Each row and column correspond to a cell type from the snRNA-seq and the colour indicates the log₂(fold change) of the number of interactions between the patient and control samples. Ctrl, control and Cov, COVID-19; cell-type abbreviations as per Fig. 1b.