Extended Data Fig. 5: DMRT1 targets for human fetal germ cell development.

(a) Topmost commonly known transcription factor (TF) motifs enriched in all DMRT1 peaks in d4 DZ⁺PGCLCs identified by C&R using Homer (cumulative binomial distributions). The data represents an integration of three biological replicates. (b) Distribution of genomic features with DMRT1 peaks identified in human adult testis⁴⁶. Total number of peaks and proportion (%) of genomic features in all the peaks are indicated. (c) The bar plot represents the % of overlap between DMRT1 target genes and upregulated (Log2 Fold Changes (FC) > 1 and FDR < 0.05) and downregulated (Log2 (FC) < -1 and FDR < 0.05) genes in d8 DZ ⁺ PGCLC versus 4i ES cells. Text boxes show the related Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes terms significantly enriched. P-value is calculated based on a cumulative hypergeometric distribution. The data represents an integration of two biological replicates. (d) Proportion (y-axis, %) of DMRT1 targets within the marker genes for migratory (26/142 genes: 18%), mitotic (41/288 genes: 14%) or mitotic arrest PGCs (237/937 genes: 25%) in d8 DZ+PGCLCs. The data represents an integration of two biological replicates. (e) Proportion of DMRT1 targets for upregulated (Up, orange), not significant (NS, grey), and downregulated (Down, blue) genes for migratory, mitotic or mitotic arrest PGC in d8 DZ⁺PGCLCs versus 4i ESCs. The data represents an integration of two biological replicates. (f) DMRT1 C&R peaks at CDKN2A and CDKN2B genomic locus in d4 DZ ⁺ PGCLC. Technical triplicates are shown. (g) Expression of CDKN2A and CDKN2B in 4i ES cells, PGCLCs and PGCs from RNA-seq. Y-axes are log2 (RPKM + 0.1), left and log2 (TPM/10 + 1), right. Bar plot represents the mean (4i ES cells and PGCLCs, n = 2 biological replicates; migratory, 37 cells; mitotic, 332 cells; mitotic arrest, 309 cells).