Extended Data Fig. 1: The developmental characteristics and cell morphologies of human IVF embryos.

a. Bar graph showing developmental outcomes of 610 human 2PN embryos underwent IVF procedure. Human arrested embryos are those without further development for another 2 days at the zygote and cleavage stages. Embryos that were developmentally delayed, fragmented or dead were excluded. b. Bar graph showing the number of human embryos arrested at different developmental stages from a. c. Representative bright-field images of human normal and arrested embryos at different developmental stages. Scale bars, 20 μm. d. Chromatin accessibility around the promoter regions (TSS ± 2 kb) in human arrested embryos at each stage. Lines are colored according to developmental stage. TSS, transcription start site. e. The average DNA methylation level along the intragenic regions and their flanking regions in human arrested embryos at each stage. Lines are colored according to the developmental stage. TES, transcription end site. f, g. PCA projections of human normal and arrested embryos at each stage with RNA-part data from single-cell multi-omics sequencing, integrated with the cells from Yan et al.¹⁹ and Leng et al.²⁰ In f, Single cells are colored according to data source. In g, single cells are colored according to stage. h. Diffusion map constructing the putative trajectory of human normal and arrested embryos at each stage with RNA-part data from single-cell multi-omics sequencing, integrated with the cells from Yan et al.¹⁹ and Leng et al.²⁰. Single cells were colored according to data source.