Extended Data Fig. 4: Stability and features of five domains across the mouse and human small intestine.

a Right: Average expression of the top 150 upregulated genes in enterocytes from human donor 1 in each segment, with segment order and hierarchical clustering based on expression distance between segments. Vertical white lines show the five domains that divide the small intestine, based on (center) gap statistics for hierarchical clusters of enterocytes in regional gene expression distance. Data bars are presented as mean values +/− confidence interval, based on all cells within the sample. Right: Cuts of dendrogram with optimal cluster number (magenta bracket, center). b Most highly regionalized genes expressed by enterocytes in mouse and donor 2 as in Fig. 1f,g but with a smaller number of genes displayed (75–100), as indicated on the y-axis. c Jensen-Shannon Divergence between enterocytes from segment pairs across the intestine of each individual mouse, with segment pair order and hierarchical clustering based on divergence values between segments. d Murine villus height by domain, presented as mean values +/− standard error of mean. Villus base to tip distances were measured for 3–5 villi in each segment, for each of 4 mice. Statistical significance was calculated using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test for villus heights across all segments in each domain. *P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001, ns not significant. e Domain-defining gene expression scores for human donor 1, as in Fig. 2c,d, coloured by domain with surrounding grey standard error bounds, across intestinal segments. Positions of domain boundaries calculated in b are noted with dotted lines and brackets. f Expression of key domain marker genes in mouse enterocytes across segments. The segment positions of each domain designation are indicated (bottom).