Extended Data Fig. 8: pNSCs originate from early NECs and differentiate into neural derivatives during embryonic development.

a, EYFP⁺ tail pNSCs from Sox1-CreERT2-R26-EYFP mouse with tamoxifen injection only once at E8.5 could be stably maintained for more than 20 passages in monolayer. b, Expression levels of NSC marker genes in different samples quantified by RT-qPCR, normalized to brain NSCs. The data represent means ± s.d. (n = 3 biological replicates). c, Immunofluorescence microscopy images of brain NSCs and tail pNSCs from Sox1-CreERT2-R26-EYFP mouse with tamoxifen injection only once at E8.5 using antibodies against Sox2, Olig2, Sox1 and Nestin. Scale bar, 50 μm. d, Representative morphologies of primary tail EYFP^- pNSC cluster from Sox1-CreERT2-R26-EYFP mouse with tamoxifen injection only once at E8.5, as assessed by bright-field (BF) microscopy, and EYFP signal. Data represent 3 biological replicates. e, Representative morphologies of primary brain EYFP⁺ and EYFP^- NSC clusters from Sox1-CreERT2-R26-EYFP mouse with tamoxifen injection only once at E8.5, as assessed by bright-field (BF) microscopy, and EYFP signal. Data represent 3 biological replicates. f, Immunohistological analysis of different tissues from postnatal Sox1-Cre-mTmG mouse using antibody against GFP and Tuj1. Data represent 3 biological replicates. Scale bar, 50 μm. g, Immunohistological analysis of different tissues from postnatal Sox1-Cre-mTmG mouse using antibody against GFP, GFAP and MPZ. Data represent 3 biological replicates. Scale bar, 50 μm. h, Immunohistological analysis of different tissues from postnatal Sox1-Cre-mTmG mouse using antibody against GFP, GFAP, MBP and MPZ. Data represent 3 biological replicates. Scale bar, 50 μm.