Fig. 3: Time series of basin-wide patterns and their regional expressions as predicted SST anomalies in LMEs of the eastern and western North Pacific.
From: Pan-basin warming now overshadows robust Pacific Decadal Oscillation
a, GMSST anomalies. b, Principal component (PC) time series for PBP, defined as the leading EOF of total SST anomalies for 1994–2023 projected onto the full ERSST record. c, PDO time series as reconstructed from the leading EOF of GMSST-removed SST anomalies for 1994–2023 projected onto the full ERSST record. d–g, Predicted SST anomaly signals associated with the PBP (yellow) and PDO (red and blue) compared with the total SST anomalies (solid black lines) and PBP + PDO SST anomalies (dashed black lines) in the GOA (d), California Current (CC; e), Oyashio Current (OC; f) and Kuroshio Current (KC; g) LMEs, all shown as the three-month rolling mean. h, Map of the locations of the four LMEs shown in d–g.
