Fig. 4: Battery lifetime changes by region.
From: Technological improvements in EV batteries offset climate-induced durability challenges
a, Relative change compared with baseline in battery lifetime (%) for old and new batteries (red and blue boxes, respectively). The baseline (brown dashed line) is defined as old batteries in the historical climate. Each subplot shows results for cities in one of six regions. In a, the bar consists of cities in each region out of 300 total cities. Box plots show the median (centre line), 25th and 75th percentiles (box limits), whiskers extending to the minimum and maximum values within 1.5 × IQR and points beyond whiskers as outliers. b,c, Regional equity analysis shows the relationship between GDP (per capita, PPP-adjusted) and battery lifetime reduction under different warming scenarios (+1 °C to +4 °C), shown in separate graphs for old (b) and new (c) batteries. Steeper slopes indicate larger lifetime reductions with warming in low compared to high GDP countries. Scatter plots aggregate 300 cities into 10 bins using quantile-based binning, with each bin representing the average change in battery lifetime for cities. The x axis indicates the GDP basis for bin aggregation. Solid lines are linear fits; shaded bands indicate 0.75 confidence intervals. PPP, purchasing power parity; SEA, Southeast Asia.
