Extended Data Fig. 3: Suppression of Mimosa pigra reproduction by large herbivores.

Here, the results in Fig. 4c, d are broken down to show independent trends in immature floral buds (a) and mature flowers (b), along with immature green fruits (c) and mature brown seed pods (d) in the experimental exclosure and control plots. Points show the mean (±1 s.e.m.) number of reproductive structures per plant in each treatment over three years. As in Fig. 4a–d, measurements at the level of individual plants were averaged at the plot level before the analysis (from left to right in each panel, n = 12, 6, 12, 9, 10, and 9 plots per survey). These data show that large herbivores have essentially eliminated reproductive output by mimosa in Gorongosa: few reproductive structures at any stage of development were recorded in the control plots as of 2017, and none at all were found in 2018.