Extended Data Fig. 3: The difference in demographic competence between host populations with survival-based and reproduction-based regulation for age-structured host populations with intermediate or slow pace-of-life when pathogens transmission is density-dependent.

Here we depict the effect of pathogen virulence (x axis) on the demographic competence of host populations with survival-based regulation minus the demographic competence of host populations with reproduction-based regulation (y axis) for the case when juvenile survival is equal to adult survival. This is done for three different transmission rates (red: high, orange: intermediate and yellow: low), for three different host paces-of-life, and for strong and weak host population regulation (rows). A difference of zero will typically indicate neither host population being able to maintain the pathogen.