Extended Data Fig. 3: Modern precipitation and evaporation data from Darwin, Pine Creek and Katherine.

a) Map of the Stuart Highway transect from Darwin to Katherine (white line), showing proximity to Madjedbebe; b) and c) Mean annual precipitation and daily evaporation data, respectively, from Darwin, Pine Creek and Katherine. Panel a adapted with permission from ref. 63, Geosciences Australia, and panel b and c adapted with permission from ref. 30, Bureau of Meteorology.