Extended Data Fig. 2: Flight paths of individual birds during flocking flight.

a–c, d–f, and g–i, Reconstructed flight paths (sample rate: 24 Hz) in horizontal, vertical and wind direction, respectively, of each bird during flocking flight session #2, #5 and #13 (top to bottom). f: frequency of direction change (cycles per second). n.s.: not significant. Line color represents bird ID. Negative values correspond to bottom, left, and downwind positions in the flight section.