Fig. 4: δ18O, NPP and chronology of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition.
From: Ecosystem productivity affected the spatiotemporal disappearance of Neanderthals in Iberia
a, δ18O between 54.5 and 30 kyr bp, as measured by the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP). Vertical grey numbered bars represent the stadial phases. b–d, Top, temporal evolution of NPP in the Eurosiberian (b), Supramediterranean (c), Mesomediterranean (d) and Thermomediterranean (e) regions over the same timescale as shown in a. Black lines show mean values while shaded grey areas represent 2 × s.d. Middle, age probability distributions of the archaeological assemblages in these regions at 95% CI. Bottom, SPD of these assemblages. The vertical yellow dashed lines show the time range of the end of the Mousterian in each region.
