Fig. 4: The emergence of no-analogue assemblages of planktonic foraminifera in the North Atlantic since the LGM.

No-analogue assemblages are identified by the compositional dissimilarity (Morisita-Horn distance) between a sample (grey dots) and the nearest LGM (19–23 ka) analogue being higher than 0.06 (99th percentile of nearest-analogue distances within the LGM dataset; Extended Data Fig. 5). Grid cells with values above and below the 0.06 threshold value are coloured in purple and grey, respectively. Grid cell resolution of the visualization: 1 kyr by 2.5° latitude.