Extended Data Table 1 Loadings for varimax rotated principal components of predictors of global naturalization success measured for biogeographic syndromes (‘BG’)

	PC1_BG	PC2_BG	PC3_BG	PC4_BG	PC5_BG
Log(γ-Richness)	0.27	0.86	0.31	−0.04	0.25
Max α-Richness	0.8	0.38	0.35	0.04	0
Mean α-Richness	0.96	−0.09	0.05	0.01	−0.08
Log(γ- Phy. Diversity)	0.35	0.82	0.29	−0.05	0.3
Max α-Phy. Diversity	0.92	0.32	0.14	−0.01	−0.04
Mean α- Phy. Diversity	0.97	−0.16	0.01	−0.03	0.02
log(Geographic area)	−0.19	0.88	0.26	−0.02	0.24
Temperature variability	−0.7	0.36	0.22	0.47	0.08
log(Precipitation variability)	−0.39	0.48	−0.09	−0.73	0.03
Glaciation	−0.54	0.1	0.19	0.75	0.04
Climate Suitability	−0.3	0.87	0.23	−0.09	0.03
log(Population Prehistoric)	0.11	0.73	0.56	0.12	−0.12
log(Population Ancient)	0.03	0.37	0.92	0.05	0.08
log(Population Post-Classical)	0.13	0.29	0.94	0.06	0.06
log(Population Early Modern)	0.01	0.11	0.92	0.06	0.31
log(Population Late Modern)	0.08	0.27	0.93	0.11	0.17
Territorial Links	−0.26	0.29	0.36	0.14	0.72
% Economic Species	0.14	0.48	0.41	−0.34	0.59
Cumulative variance	0.26	0.53	0.78	0.87	0.94

Loadings with an absolute value greater than 0.50 are in bold; less than 0.10 are in grey.

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