Fig. 3: Changes in food web structure during the experiment.
From: Warming indirectly simplifies food webs through effects on apex predators
a–c, There was a reduction in connectance (a), mean trophic level (b) and the ratio of consumer species richness to resource species richness (c) during the experiment in the presence of fish in the warm streams (n = 52 biologically independent samples in each case). Bars are mean ± standard error; for statistical comparisons between treatments, see Table 2. d,e, Food webs are visualized for a ‘Cold–Fish’ treatment (d) and a ‘Warm–Fish’ treatment (e). For a visualization of food web metrics in each treatment before and after the experimental manipulation, see Supplementary Fig. 6 ; for a key to the taxonomic composition of each food web, see Supplementary Fig. 7.
