Extended Data Fig. 3: Latitudinal and elevation changes in species ranges by 2050 for SSP245 and limited plant dispersal.

Heat maps represent, for each species elevation class, the density of its predicted spatial changes in a two-dimensional space. For each species, latitudinal shifts were calculated by subtracting the median latitude of its current range (Y coordinate of each 1×1-km pixels) to that of its future range, whereas elevation shifts were calculated by subtracting the median elevation of its current range (values extracted from DEM over Europe - EU-DEM; https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eu-dem) to that of its future range. All species data points were then plotted and summarized as a density heat maps.