Fig. 3: Ecological diversity indices for faunal assemblages from layers 12–7 at Ranis.
From: The ecology, subsistence and diet of ~45,000-year-old Homo sapiens at Ilsenhöhle in Ranis, Germany
a, Shannon–Wiener index, which measures faunal diversity (H), and b, Simpson’s assemblage evenness index (D) show respective increased diversity and assemblage evenness per layer; values for H are normally between 1.5 and 3.5, with larger values indicating greater taxonomic diversity; values for D are between 0 (no taxonomic evenness) and 1 (complete taxonomic evenness); note that different scales are used on the y axis in a and b; see Supplementary Table 7 for a breakdown of NISP, NTAXA and ecological indices. Point size is scaled to the NISP.
