Fig. 4: Bone preservation at Ranis in LRJ layers 8 and 9.
From: The ecology, subsistence and diet of ~45,000-year-old Homo sapiens at Ilsenhöhle in Ranis, Germany
a, Bone surface readability by layer; low readability (0–50% bone surface remaining), high readability (51–100% bone surface remaining), see Methods for further details. b, Bone weathering by layer; low weathering (stages 0 and 1); medium weathering (stages 2 and 3) based on Behrensmeyer71. c, COL1ɑ1 508–519 deamidation by layer plotted with bone readability. d, COL1ɑ1 508–519 deamidation by layer plotted with bone weathering stages. Sample sizes in c: layer 8: low readability (n = 22), high readability (n = 168); layer 9: low readability (n = 19), high readability (n = 50). Sample sizes in d: layer 8: low weathering (n = 186), high weathering (n = 4); layer 9: low weathering (n = 64), high weathering (n = 5). Box plots in c and d, box extends from first quartile (Q1 on the left) to third quartile (Q3 on the right) with bold line in the middle representing the median. Lines extending from both ends of the box indicate variability outside Q1 and Q3; minimum/maximum whisker values are calculated as Q1/Q3 ± 1.5 × IQR. Everything outside is represented as an outlier. IQR, interquartile range.
