Fig. 2: Biodiversity change over time in Great Britain.
From: Anthropogenic climate and land-use change drive short- and long-term biodiversity shifts across taxa
Estimated changes in species richness, beta diversity (as a measure of biotic homogenization) and CTI for three taxa in Great Britain at the long (1960s to 2010s) and short (1990s to 2010s) temporal scales. Arrows indicate increase or decrease in biodiversity between time periods, based on equations (1), (2) and (3) (Methods). Coloured numbers provide the estimated proportion of relative biodiversity increase or decrease (significant in all cases and s.d. <0.035; Supplementary Table 4). The violin plots (density curves with boxplots) capture the density distribution of the estimated biodiversity change across grid cells, based on equation (4) (Methods). Solid horizontal lines crossing the violin plots indicate the point where biodiversity change is zero. Red horizontal lines in box plot show the median values of the estimated change. Black bars display the interquartile range (IQR) (first and third quartile). Lower and upper black lines stretching from the black bars identify the first quartile −1.5× IQR and the third quartile +1.5× IQR. Black values in parenthesis give the estimated mean probability (in percentage) of increase or decrease (matching the arrow direction) ± s.e., across grid cells. For example, models estimate a significant average increase of 2% in bird species richness across Great Britain between the 1960s and the 2010s, with an estimated probability of 58–60% for a grid cell to have increased in richness during this time. Number of grid cells analysed as follows: birds 2,670 across all analyses; butterflies species richness and beta diversity 2,013 long term and 2,022 short term, CTI 996 long term and 1,222 short term; plants species richness and beta diversity 2,666 for both long and short terms, CTI 2,351 long term and 2,406 short term.
