Fig. 4: Effect of land use and climate on LCBD over time.
From: Anthropogenic climate and land-use change drive short- and long-term biodiversity shifts across taxa
Parameter estimates (mean values) for the association analysis between LCBD and land use and climate conditions in Great Britain, for three different taxon communities and three different time periods (1960s, 1990s and 2010s) based on equation (5) (Methods and Supplementary Table 3). Coloured blocks represent the values of the parameter estimates on a colour gradient, with orange indicating negative values and purple indicating positive values and on a scale from low positive or negative (light shades) to highly positive or negative (dark shades) within each taxon. Grey blocks indicate that there was no improved grasslands category in the 1960s land-cover dataset. White blocks mean that no associations were found. Parameter estimates corresponding to semi-natural grassland demonstrate their increased contribution to national-level biodiversity across time for all three taxa. All parameter estimates have an associated s.d. <1. Microclimate represents only the modern period.
