Fig. 1: Genomic organization and neural gene complement of a cephalopod. | Nature Ecology & Evolution

Fig. 1: Genomic organization and neural gene complement of a cephalopod.

From: A single-cell atlas of the bobtail squid visual and nervous system highlights molecular principles of convergent evolution

Fig. 1

a, A simplified representation of vertebrate and cephalopod camera-type eyes with ganglion cells (green), photoreceptor cells (yellow). b, An image of an adult E. berryi. c, Left: a micro-CT segmentation of the central nervous system of a hatchling E. berryi, in toto (1 dph). Right: a magnified view of the micro-CT segmentation of the central nervous system of an adult E. berryi (70 dph)—postero-dorsal view, indicating eyes, brain lobes and associated white body. d, A bar plot indicating the number of single cells sampled (right) and the number of biological replicates (left). The number of technical replicates used is indicated in Extended Data Fig. 2. OLs, optic lobes. e, An Oxford plot showing macrosyntenic blocks of orthologous genes located on E. berryi chromosomes (y axis) and a bivalve mollusc Pecten maximus (sea scallop) chromosomes (x axis.) Positions along each axis represent the integer-valued gene index. The colour code (to the left) corresponds to ALGs. Fusion events that took place in the cephalopod lineage can be observed at intersections of different ALGs. f, The location of different categories of neural genes across the 46 chromosomes of E. berryi. g, A summary of phylogenetic analyses conducted for selected neural gene families and subfamilies stemming to the bilaterian ancestor involved in neurotransmitter synthesis, transport, degradation and reception. Monoamines include dopamine, serotonin, octopamine and tyramine. The colour code indicates activity (legend bottom right). ac, anterior chamber; co, cornea; cor, cortex; eso, oesophagus; ey, eye; ibl, inferior buccal lobe; ir, iris; le, lens; md, medulla; mu, muscle; ol, optic lobe; on, optic nerve; PSM, posterior suboesophageal mass; re, retina; sbl, superior buccal lobe; SBM, subesophageal mass; SPM, supraesophageal mass; vbl, posterior basal lobe; vtl, vertical lobe; wb, white body. Credits: photo in b courtesy of Ryuta Nakajima; silhouettes from PhyloPic under a Creative Commons license: human, brachiopod, sea slug and octopus, T. Michael Keesey; amphioxus, Guillaume Dera; C. elegans, Bob Goldstein and Jake Warner; fruit fly, Gareth Monger; annelid, Noah Schlottman (based on photo by Casey Dunn).

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