Extended Data Fig. 7: Biomass change associated with large species stagnates over time while biomass loss associated with species loss increases in the Biodiversity Exploratories.

All panels are based on replicate-level (n = 300) median point estimates and predictions from 1,000 linear mixed-effects models drawing from shuffled data subsets, avoiding the reuse of sampling events in multiple pairwise comparisons. The main panels show temporal biomass change without abundance per replicate per plot (restricted moving average) associated with a) species richness loss, b) species richness gain, c) species identity loss, and d) species identity gain (see Fig. 2 for detailed explanations). e) Total biomass change without partitioning. Year 0 represents biomass change within years, between replicates (control). Mean biomass change values per replicate per plot are shown as colored dots along a land-use intensity (LUI) gradient (legend), white dots show mean values across all plots (n = 150). Solid regression lines indicate significant relationships (p < 0.05), dotted lines indicate marginally significant relationships (p < 0.1), dashed lines indicate non-significant relationships (p ≥ 0.1); exact two-sided p-values for the main effect of time are provided in the panels. Shaded areas around the black main effect line represent 95% confidence intervals. Significant effects of LUI on arthropod biomass change are shown in the main panels, colored along the LUI gradient (legend). Insets show median point estimates with 95% confidence intervals (error bars) for the effects of time and LUI on biomass change individually and in interaction (x).