Fig. 1: Loss of SNH in the agricultural landscape and pesticide hazard additively reduced bee abundance and diversity in crop fields.
From: Pesticides and habitat loss additively reduce wild bees in crop fields
A total of 681 crop fields were sampled. Pesticide hazard was calculated as an HQ based on pesticide application protocols considering application rates and the toxicity of active ingredients to bees (LD50). Numbers represent standardized slope estimates of linear mixed effects models accounting for non-independence within dataset, solid lines indicate significant effects (P ≤ 0.05) and dashed lines trends (0.05 < P ≤ 0.1). Credit: Illustrations by Janine Schwarz; bee photos from Apidarium (https://apidarium.de).
