Extended Data Fig. 3: Effects of pesticide hazard quotient (HQ) on bee communities in crop fields within conventional production system.
From: Pesticides and habitat loss additively reduce wild bees in crop fields
Estimates ± 95% CI derived from linear mixed effects models accounting for non-independence within dataset (N = 322 sites) on the effect of the pesticide hazard quotient (HQ, calculated from pesticide application protocols considering application rates and the toxicity of active ingredients to bees) on abundance, species richness, and functional and phylogenetic diversity of bees in crop fields.
