Extended Data Table 1 Balance table comparing Philadelphia, Synthetic Philadelphia, and the full donor pool

From: Synthetic control methods enable stronger causal inference using participatory science data in cities

  1. A balance table with the values of each predictor variable showing how similar the synthetic Philadelphia and the full donor pool (the unweighted average of all 32 cities) are to the observed values of the treated unit (Philadelphia) in the pre-treatment era (2015–2021). The percent difference relative to Philadelphia is shown next to each predictor estimate. The values for impervious surface represent the summed raster values within a 45 km buffer around each city’s central coordinates (described in Supplementary Information Section SI.2).
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