Fig. 4: Human-induced change in precipitation and temperature for the four seasons preceding the 2022 drought.
From: Direct and lagged climate change effects intensified the 2022 European drought
a, The change in mean precipitation (P) relative to pre-industrial conditions in 1851–1900 (computed as a ratio) in SON 2021, DJF 2021–2022, MAM 2022 and JJA 2022. The median across Europe (Fig. 1a) of the change derived from 23 CMIP6 climate models is depicted—the information from individual models is synthesised via a box plot that shows the interquartile range and the median across models. The grey lines connect changes across seasons from the same climate model. b, The same as a, but for the change in the average daily temperature (T), computed as a difference. c, The same as a, but for the change in the daily temperature range (Trange).
