Extended Data Fig. 9: Interfacial structure of mica in electrolytes containing divalent cations.
From: How charge frustration causes ion ordering and microphase separation at surfaces
a, An AFM image of the mica surface in 0.1 mM NiCl2 solution at pH = 6.8. b-d, Monolayered Ni(OH)2 films form on the mica surface when the pH is increased to 9.4. e, An AFM image show the mica surface in 1 mM CoCl2 solution at pH = 6.4. f-h, Monolayered Co(OH)2 films form on the mica surface when the pH is increased to 8.6. i, An AFM image of the mica surface in 1 mM ZnCl2 at pH 6.0. j-l, Monolayered Zn(OH)2 films form on the mica surface when the pH is increased to 7.7. All three ions show similar behaviors to Mg2+.
