Fig. 1: Background, study design and methods used.

a, The hydrothermal vent habitat of the East Pacific Rise, the ecological niche of the Riftia symbiosis. Image courtesy of Schmidt Ocean Institute. b, Diagram of the location of Endoriftia within the Riftia host. c, Simplified illustration of Endoriftia’s substrate utilization. d, High-pressure respirometry system, an onboard tool for facilitating experiments under in situ-like conditions. e, The conditions that were varied in experiments done on live Riftia. f, Post-experimental evaluation of Riftia tissue and symbiont-containing tissues: 13C carbon incorporation, gene expression and co-expression analysis.