Extended Data Fig. 2: AMG metabolisms and functions.

a AMGs involved in photosynthesis, b AMGs involved in methane and related metabolism, c AMGs involved in nitrogen metabolism, d AMGs involved in CO₂ fixation, e AMGs involved in sulfur and related metabolism, f AMGs involved in nucleotide metabolism, g AMGs involved in amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, h AMGs involved in pyruvate metabolism, i AMGs involved in porphyrin, haem, and cobalamin metabolism, j AMGs involved in folate biosynthesis, k AMGs involved in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, l AMGs involved in riboflavin metabolism, m AMGs assigned to AMG clusters with other important functions (distributed in >300 metagenomes), n AMGs assigned to clusters with other important functions. Gene symbols, the corresponding enzyme name, and CAZy ID for genes in n were depicted in brown together with the occurrence and abundance values (labeled as “occurrence|abundance”; occurrence, the number of metagenomes in which an AMG cluster can be found; abundance, the mean normalized abundance of AMG carrying viruses in the metagenomes in which this AMG can be found). Dotted arrows indicate steps that are not encoded by AMGs. Detailed information on each AMG cluster can be found in Supplementary Table S6.