Extended Data Fig. 4: Associations of plasma ammonia with eGFR (a) and the relative abundance of S. copri (b) in HS study.

The associations were estimated by multivariable linear regression (a) and MaAsLin2 (b), with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and abnormal liver function. All statistical tests were two-sided. Abnormal liver function was defined as any of the following: alanine aminotransferase > 40 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase > 35 U/L, or total bilirubin > 21 μmol/l, or direct Bilirubin > 8 μmol/l, or alkaline phosphatase > 100 U/L, or gamma-glutamyl transferase > 45 U/L. Participants with plasma ammonia data: control, n = 15; CKD, n = 39; KF = 50. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKD, chronic kidney disease; KF, kidney failure.