Extended Data Fig. 1: Illustration of monitoring and control of intestinal engineered microbes via optoelectronic capsules. | Nature Microbiology

Extended Data Fig. 1: Illustration of monitoring and control of intestinal engineered microbes via optoelectronic capsules.

From: Ingestible optoelectronic capsules enable bidirectional communication with engineered microbes for controllable therapeutic interventions

Extended Data Fig. 1: Illustration of monitoring and control of intestinal engineered microbes via optoelectronic capsules.

The optoelectronic capsule and the optogenetically engineered microbes are designed to establish the bidirectional signal processing chain. One direction from microbes to the optoelectronic capsule and the ex vivo smartphone is for monitoring microbial status through bioluminescent signals generated by engineered microbes in response to specific biomarkers. Another direction from the APP-controlled optoelectronic capsule to microbes is for activating the expression and secretion of therapeutic proteins. When applied in vivo, the whole process can be used for in-situ diagnose and intervention of intestinal disease. Figure created with BioRender.com.

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