Extended Data Fig. 4: Simulation experiments to test bioluminescence of EcN-NO-Lux.
(a) Scheme of monitoring the bioluminescence of EcN-NO-Lux when sensing NO/nitrate. (b) Imaging of EcN-NO-Lux in mice model within 4 hours after the administration of strains and nitrate. (c) Recording of photocurrents for monitoring the microbial dynamic sensing of nitrate within 2 h. (d), (f) The in vitro simulation experiment to mimic in vivo intestinal conditions without or with feeds. (e), (g) Detection of EcN-NO-Lux performance in within 24 h in the intestinal simulation conditions in (d) or (f) using four different methods. (h) Monitoring of the nitrate biosensing via the optoelectronic capsule while passing through an intestinal tissue segment containing evenly distributed EcN-NO-Lux. (i) Imaging of the real pig intestinal section in (h). The capsule was pulled from the ‘Start’ point to the ‘End’ point slowly to simulate the peristalsis in the gut. (j) Changes of photocurrents along with the optoelectronic capsule passing through the intestinal section. All the measurements in the above experiments were taken from distinct biological replicates. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. n = 3. Significance was determined by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-test for (e) and (g). The significance labelled as ‘ns’ meant p > 0.05 Source data. Panel b created with BioRender.com.
