Extended Data Fig. 1: Microbiota sequence enriches microbial ferroptosis pathway induced by nFeS.
a Relative protein expression of claudin-1, glutathione peroxidase (GPX4), and NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) in the gut epithelium (n = 3 samples). b Sobs index of alpha diversity between CON and nFeS group in genus and family levels (n = 5 piglets). c Venn plot analysis. d Relative abundance of Lactobacteriaceae in family level (n = 5 piglets). e Relative abundance of Fusicatenibacter in genus level (n = 5 piglets). f Antibacterial effect of nFeS to L. vaginalis. g, h MDA level (n = 5 L. vaginalis) and ROS species generation (n = 3 L. vaginalis) change in nFeS-treated L. vaginalis. i Growth curve of L. vaginalis. j Comparison of absorbance (OD600) of L. vaginalis treated with nFeS or Na2S3 (n = 3 L. vaginalis). k Correlation between bacteria killed by nFeS (related to Fig. 1l, m) with levels of serum DAO and IL-1β. l Faecal SCFA levels (n = 5 piglets). m Correlation between bacteria killed by nFeS (related to Fig. 1l, m) and faecal SCFA levels. n Spearman analysis between differential bacteria abundance and relative gene levels, serum DAO and IL-1β levels, and the functions of the bacterial communities (ferroptosis, pentose phosphate pathway, cytochrome c oxidase, and glutamate synthase). These functions of the bacterial communities were predicted with PICRUSt2 of 16S rRNA sequencing using the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database and had significant difference between the CON and nFeS groups. P values were calculated using a two-sided unpaired t-test. Spearman analysis of k, m, n are at the two-sided 99% confidence interval, and the significance marked in the figures. Data were shown as the standard error of the mean. Exact P values of a-d, d-e, g, j, and l are displayed in the figure. Each experiment was repeated independently for three times with similar results.
