Fig. 1: Linking the small molecules in edible plants with the gut microbiome enzymatic reservoir.
From: Gut microbiome-mediated transformation of dietary phytonutrients is associated with health outcomes
a, Graphical representation of the study design, methodology and databases used for linking the gut microbiota with phytonutrients. Metadata associated with the 3,068 shotgun metagenomic samples are shown (BMI, age, sex, sequencing depth (that is,reads number)). Created with BioRender.com. b, Barplot showing the chemical classes of phytonutrients. ‘Total’ refers to all phytonutrients present in NutriChem 2.0 linked with enzymes, and ‘microbiome-associated’ refers only to phytonutrients associated with gut bacterial enzymes. c, Barplot showing the enzyme classes. ‘Total’ indicates all phytonutrient-associated enzymes, and ‘microbiome-associated’ indicates phytonutrient-associated microbial enzymes. d, Left: phylogenetic tree of bacterial species with enzymatic potential to modify phytonutrients. Tracks correspond to (from inside to outside) species and associated phylum, signature species in each geographical region, relative abundance and prevalence of each species, and the number of phytonutrients potentially modifiable by each species. Right: scatterplots depicting the two-sided Spearman’s correlation of species abundance (left) and species prevalence (right) with the number of phytonutrients. White line and grey area show the linear regression line and 95% confidence interval. e, Barplot displaying the proportion of phytonutrients in 21 healthy edible plants biotransformed by gut bacterial enzymes. The proportion is calculated as the ratio of phytonutrients linked to gut bacterial enzymes to the total number of phytonutrients with a known enzymatic assignment. Size of bubbles corresponds to total number of phytonutrients for each edible plant.
