Extended Data Fig. 3: Increased abundance of Proteobacteria alone is not sufficient for pathologic gut microbial ethanol production.

Ethanol measured in microbiota cultures from healthy controls (HC, n = 15), patients with ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 20), patients with Crohn’s disease (CD, n = 20), and patients with Auto-brewery Syndrome during a flare (ABS, n = 5) at 24 h. The same samples from patients with ABS were cultured and measured in Fig. 1, and freshly cultured and measured together with control and inflammatory bowel disease samples here. For all boxplots, the midline represents the median, the boxes represent the interquartile range (IQR) and the whiskers represent the range. Comparative statistical analyses were done with two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum tests between two groups and Kruskal-Wallis tests between all groups.