Fig. 3: Parasite clonal expansion and inbreeding in Kayin State.
a, IBD network of unique genomes from Kayin population. Nodes: each circle indicates one unique genome and is colour-coded on the basis of its kelch13 alleles; circle size indicates sample size (ranged from 1 to 229). Edges: connections with relatedness (r) ≥0.25; thicker lines indicate higher relatedness; red lines are connections with r ≥ 0.45. Parasites from closely related families (f1 to f9) are labelled using boxes. In total, 152 of 166 unique genomes were included in the network, representing 98.6% of single-genotype-infected samples. b, Pedigree tree of parasites from f1 and chromosome plot for an estimated progeny (MP3233). See Extended Data Fig. 7 for chromosome plots for all progeny. We infer that the parents of f1 are C13 (IBD cluster 13, kelch13-WT) and C17 (IBD cluster 17, kelch13-F446I). c, Proportion of unique genomes across time. Each segment within a bar represents one unique genome, which is coloured on the basis of its kelch13 allele. Black blocks indicate number of unique genomes that were recovered only once (‘singletons’). A clonal expansion of IBD cluster 1 (kelch13-R561H) parasites was detected in 2020.
