Extended Data Fig. 9: Theoretical modeling of the impact of different reaction pathways on crystal growth.

Here, Path 2 is an enthalpy-driven path, corresponding to reaction 3 in the main text. Reaction 5 in the main text was leveraging to model the entropy-driven path (Path 3). a, b. Solid fraction (a) and specific surface area (b) evolutions based on Path 2 and Path 3. c, d. Microstructure of primary particles before and after calcination under Path 2 (c) and Path 3 (d).