Extended Data Fig. 1: Benchmark comparison of this work against previously reported electro-optic metasurface modulators. | Nature Nanotechnology

Extended Data Fig. 1: Benchmark comparison of this work against previously reported electro-optic metasurface modulators.

From: Subvolt high-speed free-space modulator with electro-optic metasurface

Extended Data Fig. 1

The modulation swing ΔR (top panel vertical axis), bandwidth (bottom panel vertical axis), and the required voltage Vreq to shift the resonance wavelength by an amount equal to its linewidth (horizontal axis) of experimentally demonstrated EO metasurface modulators in the literature. Our presented device exhibits the lowest Vreq and the highest modulation efficiency η = ΔR/Vreq. The bandwidth is also the highest among all dielectric resonating devices. The numerical values are listed in Extended Data Table 1.

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