Fig. 3: Electron extraction in PSCs and device performance.
From: Stabilizing high-efficiency perovskite solar cells via strategic interfacial contact engineering
a, Steady-state PL spectra for the untreated and SHF-treated perovskite films. The y axis shows the normalized PL intensity. b, trSPV charge dynamics at the perovskite–ESC interfaces. c, Schematic describing the charge separation mechanisms. d, PCE distribution of control and SHF-treated PSCs, collected from 20 independent devices per condition (n = 20). Box plots show the interquartile range with the median as the centre line; whiskers indicate the 5th–95th percentiles. e,f, J–V curves of untreated and SHF-treated PSCs with working areas of 0.0982 cm2 (e) and 1 cm2 (f).
