Fig. 4: PV performance and stabilization mechanism of the devices.
From: Stabilizing high-efficiency perovskite solar cells via strategic interfacial contact engineering
a, MPPT of encapsulated control and SHF-treated devices under simulated 1-sun illumination (ISOS-L-1I) in air (initial PCEs of 23.7% and 25.2%, respectively). b, Thermal stability of control and SHF-treated devices aged at 85 °C (ISOS-D-2I). Initial average PCEs of 24.1% and 25.9% (n = 3 independent devices per condition; error bars represent standard deviation). c, Thermal cycling stability of encapsulated devices aged between −40 °C and 85 °C (ISOS-T-3) (initial PCEs of 24.5% and 26.4%). d,e, ToF-SIMS ion species depth profiles of Ag− (Ag), \({{\rm{C}}}_{60}^{-}\) (C60), \({{\rm{PbI}}}_{2}^{-}\) (perovskite), I− (perovskite), \({{\rm{PO}}}_{2}^{-}\) (SAM), \({{\rm{InO}}}_{2}^{-}\) (ITO), \({{\rm{AgI}}}_{2}^{-}\) (AgI) and F− (SHF) of control (d) and SHF-treated (e) devices after thermal ageing. f,g, Ion diffusion schematics within control (f) and SHF-treated (g) devices.
