Table 2 Cytotoxic chemotherapies commonly associated with kidney and electrolyte disorders

Cisplatin and other platins

ATI, proximal tubulopathy, magnesium and salt wasting

25–30%

Hypomagnesaemia before initiation of therapy

High peak drug levels (weekly versus biweekly dosing)

Lack of administration of anti-emetics

^{29,168,169,170}

Ifosfamide

ATI, proximal tubulopathy

3–30%

Concomitant cisplatin therapy

^29,33,34,168

Gemcitabine

TMA

2–4%

History of hypertension

Previous therapy with mitomycin

^{29,37,38,44,168}

Methotrexate

Crystalline nephropathy

2–30%

History of poor clearance of methotrexate

Urine pH <7

Third-spacing

Hypoalbuminaemia

Drug–drug or drug–food interactions

^{25,29,40,47,168}

Pemetrexed

ATI, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

20–34%

Inadequate hydration

^29,35,36,168

Mitomycin C

TMA

2–28%

Concomitant radiation therapy

^29,38,168