Addendum to: Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03787-7 Published online 4 August 2021

In our original article, we assessed whether interactions between stressors that impact bee health were antagonistic, additive or synergistic. To do this, we followed the methods developed by Jackson et al.1 and determined the overall interaction effect as the standardized mean difference (SMD) (Hedges’ d) between the predicted additive effect and observed effect of both stressors. Since then, it has been brought to our attention that (i) there were errors in our uploaded dataset, (ii) the formula for the sampling variance of the interaction effects in Gurevitch et al.2 was more appropriate for our dataset than the one we had previously used (see ref. 1) (with thanks to Y. Yefeng and S. Nagakawa for this personal communication), and (iii) it is possible to use proportion difference approaches for this kind of interaction analysis, rather than the SMD approach we used. We have corrected our analyses with respect to these points, and the details of this are outlined below.

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