Fig. 4: Induction of interferon-γ signalling in a fraction of anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 relapsed or refractory last-line cancer.
From: Neutralizing GDF-15 can overcome anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 resistance in solid tumours
a, Volcano plot presenting differentially expressed genes in biopsies on day 14 of visugromab monotherapy compared to pretreatment biopsies in participants with >2-fold increase in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells (n = 5). P values are from two-sided moderated t-test using limma. Dashed vertical lines, −1.5 and +1.5 fold change. Dashed horizontal line, P = 0.05. b, Reactome pathway analysis shows that significantly upregulated genes from the PanCancer IO 360 panel in a are part of important inflammation-related pathways. P values are from two-sided Fisher’s exact test and adjusted according to the Benjamini–Hochberg method (Padj). Numbers of PanCancer IO 360 panel genes in the respective pathway (second number to right of each bar) and of significantly upregulated genes in the respective pathway (first number to right of each bar) are indicated. Grey vertical line, Padj = 0.1. OAS, oligoadenylate synthetases. c, Significant induction and maintenance of CXCL9 following treatment for 6 weeks in the blood of participants with NSCLC, HCC and UC in the phase 2a study. P values are reported from repeated-measures one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Geisser–Greenhouse correction, corrected for multiple comparisons by Dunnett’s test. d, Baseline CXCL9 levels of participants with best overall response according to RECIST 1.1. P values are reported from two-tailed Mann–Whitney test. e, Heat map representing higher mean values (pg ml−1) of CXCL9 following treatment in participants with best overall response of PR and CR (lower row) compared to participants with best overall response of PD and SD (upper row). For the box plots in c,d: centre line, median; box, IQR; whiskers, 1.5 × IQR; outliers are depicted individually. C1D1, cycle 1 day 1; C1D2, cycle 1 day 2; C2D1, cycle 2 day 1; C3D1, cycle 3 day 1.
