Fig. 5: GDF-15 correlates with immune-cell density in the tumour at baseline across different tumour types of all patients enrolled in phase 1 and 2a expansions.
From: Neutralizing GDF-15 can overcome anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 resistance in solid tumours
a, CD4+FOXP3+ T cell density, CD4+FOXP3− T cell density and CD3+Ki67+ T cell density are significantly reduced in tumour biopsies from patients in phase 1 and 2 with serum GDF-15 (sGDF-15) of >1.5 ng ml−1. P values are from two-sided Mann–Whitney test. b, In baseline tumour tissue with very high CD8+ T cell infiltration from patients in phase 1 and 2, low (pro-)GDF-15 expression is observed. P value is reported from two-sided Mann–Whitney test. c, TME characterization by PD-L1 tumour proportion score (TPS) and CD8+ T cell density (cells mm−2) in biopsies from patients in phase 1 and 2 before treatment (n = 97); PR and CR are highlighted in green.
